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A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised
internet service provider An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privat ...
dedicated to supporting the needs of the
research Research is " creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness ...
and
education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...
communities within a country. It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects. In recent years NRENs have developed many 'above the net' services.


List of NRENs by geographic area


East and Southern Africa

* UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking - the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa * Eb@le - DRC NREN *
EthERNet Ethernet () is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1 ...
- Ethiopian NREN * iRENALA - Malagasy NREN * KENET - Kenyan NREN * MAREN - Malawian NREN * MoRENet - Mozambican NREN * RENU - Ugandan NREN * RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN * SomaliREN - Somali NREN
SudREN
- Sudanese NREN * TENET/ SANReN - South African NREN * TERNET - Tanzanian NREN * Xnet - Namibian NREN * ZAMREN - Zambian NREN


North Africa


ASREN
- Arab States Research and Education Network * TUREN - Tunisian NREN * MARWAN - Moroccan NREN * ENREN - Egyptian NREN
ARN (Algeria)
- Algerian NREN * SudREN - Sudanese NREN
SomaliREN
- Somali NREN


West and Central Africa


WACREN
- West and Central African Research and Education Network
GARNET
- Ghanaian NREN
TogoRER
- Togolese NREN
GhREN
- Ghanaian NREN * MaliREN - Mali NREN
Niger-REN
- Nigerien NREN * RITER - Côte d'Ivoire NREN * SnRER - Senegalese NREN
NgREN
- Nigerian NREN
Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network
- Nigerian NREN * LRREN - Liberia Research and Education Network


Asia Pacific

* APAN - Asia-Pacific Advanced Network * AARNet - Australian NREN * AfgREN - Afghanistan NREN * BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN *
CSTNET CSTNET or China Science and Technology Network () offers Internet services to the Chinese education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, ...
- China Science and Technology Network *
CERNET The China Education and Research Network (CERNET; ) is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China. The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Chinese Ministry of Education. It is c ...
- China Education and Research Network * ERNET - Indian NREN * HARNET - Hong Kong NREN
KOREN
- Korean NREN
KREONET
Korean NREN
IDREN
- Indonesian NREN * LEARN - Sri Lankan NREN * SINET - Japanese NREN
MYREN
- Malaysian NREN * NKN - Indian NREN
NREN
- Nepal NREN
NREN
- Islamic Republic of Iran NREN * REANNZ - New Zealand NREN * PERN - Pakistani NREN * PREGINET - Philippine NREN * SingAREN - Singaporean NREN * TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
UniNet
- Thai NREN * VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
CamREN
Cambodia NREN
TEIN
- Trans Eurasia Information Network


North America

* United States – although advocated since the 1980s, the U.S. does not have one single NREN. : * Canada :


Latin America

* RedCLARA - Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
Innova-Red
- Argentinian NREN *
ADSIB {{unreferenced, date=November 2014 The Agency for the Development of the Information Society (ADSIB) is a Bolivian government agency that works with the promotion of ICT policies, in areas such as e-health, e-learning, e-commerce and e-government ...
- Bolivian NREN * RNP - Brazilian NREN
REUNA
- Chilean NREN
RENATA
- Colombian NREN
RedCONARE
- Costa Rican NREN
CEDIA
- Ecuadorian NREN *
RAICES The Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services (RAICES) is a nonprofit organization based in Texas that aims to provide legal services for immigrants. , it was the largest legal aid group of its kind in Texas. RAICES also runs ...
- El Salvadoran NREN * RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN * Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC) - Honduran NREN * CUDI - Mexican NREN * RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN * RedCyT - Panamanian NREN * Arandu - Paraguayan NREN * RAAP - Peruvian NREN * RAU - Uruguayan NREN * REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN


Caribbean

* C@ribNET - Caribbean NREN * TTRENT - Trinidad and Tobago NREN * JREN - Jamaica NREN * RADEI - NREN of the Dominican Republic


Europe

* European Academic and Research Network * GÉANT - Develops and maintains the GÉANT backbone network on behalf of European NRENs. Formerly
DANTE Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian people, Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', origin ...
and TERENA. * CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association * Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
ANA
Albanian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian NREN * ACOnet - Austrian NREN
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN *
BASNET Basnet/Basnyat ( ne, बस्‍नेत/बस्न्यात) is a surname of Khasas of Nepal and India. It is found among Jharra Chhetri community. There are five different branches of Basnets in Nepal: *The Shreepali (Sripali) Jumli ...
- Belarus NREN * Belnet - Belgian NREN * BREN - Bulgarian NREN *
CESNET CESNET (Czech Education and Scientific NETwork) is developer and operator of national e-infrastructure for science, research, development and education in Czech Republic. The CESNET association was founded in 1996 by Czech public universities and ...
- Czech NREN *
CARNET A carnet may refer to: in international law: *A legal authorisation, usually in the context of document allowing the importation of certain goods to countries without paying customs duty. Three types exist: ** ATA Carnet, for temporary importation ...
- Croatian NREN * CYNET - Cypriot NREN *
SURFnet SURF is an organization that develops, implements and maintains the national research and education network (NREN) of the Netherlands, It operates the national research network formally called SURFnet. SURF as a network is a backbone computer net ...
- Dutch NREN * EENet - Estonian NREN * RENATER - French NREN * Deutsches Forschungsnetz (DFN) - German NREN * GRENA - Georgian NREN * GRNET - Greek NREN * KIFU/NIIF Program - Hungarian NREN * HEAnet - Irish NREN *
GARR GARR (''Gruppo per l'Armonizzazione delle Reti della Ricerca'') is the Italian national computer network for universities and research. The main objective of GARR is to design and manage a very high-performance network infrastructure that deliv ...
- Italian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * SigmaNet - Latvian NREN * LITNET - Lithuanian NREN * RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN * MARNET - Macedonian NREN
RiċerkaNet
- Maltese NREN *
RENAM The Research and Educational Networking Association of Moldova (RENAM) is the national research and education networking organisation (NREN) of Moldova. RENAM was incorporated in June 1999 as an association under Moldovan law. It is a member of TE ...
- Moldovian NREN * MREN - Montenegro NREN *
PIONIER PIONIER is the Polish national research and education network created to provide high-speed Internet access and to conduct network-based research. Most of the government founded higher education organisations and all of metropolitan area networ ...
(PSNC) - Polish NREN * FCCN - Portuguese NREN * RoEduNet - Romanian NREN * RUNNet - Russian NREN * AMRES - Serbian NREN * ARNES - Slovenian NREN *
SANET Sanet y Negrals is a town located in the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante Alicante ( ca-valencia, Alacant) is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the Valencian Community. It is the second most populated ...
- Slovakian NREN *
RedIRIS {{Short description, National research and education network for Spain RedIRIS is the national research and education network (NREN) for Spain. It is part of Red.es, which also administers and oversees the .es national Top-level domain. Most Spanis ...
- Spanish NREN *
SWITCH In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of ...
- Swiss NREN * ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
URAN
- Ukrainian NREN *
Jisc Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit company that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education institutions and research as well as not-for-profits and the public sector. History T ...
- United Kingdom NREN, operator of the
Janet Janet may refer to: Names * Janet (given name) * Janet (French singer) (1939–2011) Surname * Charles Janet (1849–1932), French engineer, inventor and biologist, known for the Left Step periodic table * Jules Janet (1861–1945), French psych ...
network
KREN
- Kosovo NREN


Nordic countries

* NORDUnet - Nordic backbone network ** DeiC - Danish NREN ** FUNET - Finnish NREN ** RHnet - Icelandic NREN ** SUNET - Swedish NREN ** UNINETT - Norwegian NREN


Middle East

* /www.maeen.sa MaeenSaudi Arabia NREN * Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone * ANKABUT UAE NREN * OMREN Omani NREN * IUCC - Israeli NREN *
JUnet Japan University NETwork (JUNET) was a computer network established by three universities, Tokyo University, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Keio University in October 1984 for test and research purposes. At its height it connected 700 machines. ...
Jordanian NREN * IRAN SHOA Iranian NREN * PALNREN Palestinian NREN * Lebanon * Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority * QNREN - Qatar NREN *
HIAST The Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST) ( ar, الْمَعْهَدُ الْعَالِي لِلْعُلُومِ التَّطْبِيقِيَّةِ وَالتِّكْنُولُوجِيِّ, al-Maʿhad al-ʿĀlī li l-ʿUlū ...
Syrian NREN


Central Asia

* RUNNet - Russian University Network, Russian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN *
BASNET Basnet/Basnyat ( ne, बस्‍नेत/बस्न्यात) is a surname of Khasas of Nepal and India. It is found among Jharra Chhetri community. There are five different branches of Basnets in Nepal: *The Shreepali (Sripali) Jumli ...
UNIBEL Belarus * GRENA - Georgian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN * TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN * UZSCINET - Uzbekistan NREN


See also

* Information superhighway * Libraries and the US National Research and Education Network


References


External links


Terena Compendium

Research and Education Networking FAQ
{{Authority control * Higher education Internet terminology Research and development organizations